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The Palatine of Hungary ((ドイツ語:Landespalatin), (ハンガリー語:nádor), (ラテン語:palatinus regni Hungarie), and (スロバキア語:nádvorný špán)) was the highest-ranking official in the Kingdom of Hungary from the beginning of the 11th century to 1848. Initially, Palatines were representatives of the monarchs, later (from 1723) the vice-regent (viceroy). In the early centuries of the kingdom, they were appointed by the king, and later (from 1608) were elected by the Diet of the Kingdom of Hungary. == Title == The earliest recorded Medieval Latin form of the title was ''comes palatii'' ("count of the palace"); it was preserved in the deed of foundation of the Tihany Abbey, issued in 1055. A new variant ''(comes palatinus)'' came into use in the second half of the ; it was first recorded around 1067. The shortened ''palatinus'' form became the official version in the 1230s. A new official title''palatinus regni Hungarie'' ("Palatine of the Kingdom of Hungary")was adopted in the 1340s, which shows that the palatines who were still royal officials were also regarded as representatives of the Estates of the realm from that time on. The original Hungarian version of the title was ''nádorispán''; it was first recorded around 1405. The etymology of the word is uncertain. Most scholars agree that its root is the Slavic word for court ''(dvorjь)'', but no documents evidence that the assumed '' *nadъ-dvorjь-županъ'' ("head of the royal court") form actually existed. In the Czech, Croatian and Serbian languages, similar expressions (''náderšpan'' and ''nadršpan'') existed, but only as loanwords from Hungarian, in reference to the palatines of Hungary. Ludovicus Tubero and some other 16th-century scholars referred to the palatine as ''nándorispán''. Historian András Róna-Tas says that the title may be connected to the Bulgars' old Hungarian exonym ''(nándor)''. If his theory is valid, the palatine was originally the head of the Bulgars in Hungary. Other scholars have not accepted Róna-Tas's theory, because the ''nándorispán'' version seems to have developed from the original ''nádorispán'' version. The modern Hungarian version of the title ''(nádor)'', which is the shortened version of the original title, was first recorded in 1784. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Palatine of Hungary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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